Under what doctrine is the original seller not liable if a product is materially altered after leaving their possession?

The correct doctrine in this context is related to the concept that a seller may not be held liable for defects or issues that arise from alterations made to a product after it has left their possession. This principle is primarily grounded in the idea of product liability and the responsibilities of various parties in the supply chain.

In particular, if a product is materially altered after the original seller sells it, the seller can claim that they are not responsible for any resulting defects or harms caused by those alterations. This protects sellers from being held accountable for changes made by others that could affect the safety or functionality of the product. It aligns with the reasoning that liability should not extend beyond the point at which the seller has relinquished control over the product.

This doctrine emphasizes the importance of the chain of custody and accountability within the production and distribution process. It asserts that once the product has been released from the seller's control and subjected to significant modifications, the responsibility shifts to the party responsible for those changes. This doctrine helps delineate the extent of liability and supports fairness by not penalizing sellers for actions taken after their product has been sold.

In contrast, the other mentioned doctrines do not focus specifically on the effects of material changes to products after a sale and therefore do not apply in