What are the two parts of the Freedom of Religion clause?

The Freedom of Religion clause, as found in the First Amendment of the United States Constitution, consists of two essential components: the Free Exercise Clause and the Establishment Clause.

The Free Exercise Clause guarantees individuals the right to practice their religion freely without government interference, as long as such practice does not violate public morals or a compelling governmental interest. This clause is fundamental in protecting individual liberties, allowing citizens to connect with their faith without fear of persecution or coercion by the state.

The Establishment Clause prohibits the government from establishing an official religion or unduly favoring one religion over another. This clause ensures a separation of church and state, creating a neutral space in which all religions are treated equally.

Together, these two clauses form a comprehensive safeguard for religious liberty, ensuring that individuals can both practice their beliefs freely and enjoy a government that does not promote or inhibit any religion.