Which theory views ethical standards as determined by personal feelings and perspectives?

The correct answer is Ethical Relativism, which posits that ethical standards and moral judgments are determined by individual feelings, experiences, and perspectives. This theory emphasizes that what is deemed right or wrong can vary greatly from one individual to another, depending on their cultural background, personal beliefs, and emotional responses. It asserts that there are no universal moral standards that apply to all individuals at all times; instead, morality is subjective and shaped by the context of one’s personal experiences.

In contrast, other theories mentioned have different foundations. Kantian Ethics is based on the principles of duty and the categorical imperative, focusing on the intention behind actions rather than personal feelings. Utilitarianism evaluates actions based on their outcomes, specifically aiming for the greatest good for the greatest number, which is a more collective perspective. Virtue Ethics emphasizes the character and virtues of the individual rather than subjective feelings, arguing that ethical behavior stems from moral character.

Ethical Relativism stands out as it directly connects ethical standards to personal interpretation and emotional responses, making it distinct from the other theories.